Case Study #2: Diabetes
Hannah is a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. She is a 4th grade student at Hendricks Elementary School. Prior to her diagnosis, Hannah was very involved in sports and played on the girls’ volleyball team. Her mother is concerned about how the diagnosis will affect Hannah.
Write a 2–3 page expository paper (minimum of 1000 words) discussing the following points relating to the case study patient you selected:
- Include a definition of the actual disease or condition.
- The signs and symptoms of the disease.
- Identify the factors that could have caused or lead to the particular disease or condition (Pathogenesis).
- Describe body system changes as a result of the disease process.
- Discuss the economic impact of the chronic disease.
- At least three professional references must be included. All internet sources must be original articles or government resources. Wikipedia or other non-peer reviewed resources are not acceptable.
- Include a title and reference page (these do not count towards the 2–3 page requirement).
- Present your paper as a professional review of the case study. Avoid conversational format.
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
In this expository paper, we will discuss the case study of Hannah, a 10-year-old girl who has recently been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. We will address several key points relating to Hannah’s condition, including the definition of Type 1 diabetes, its signs and symptoms, factors that may have contributed to the disease, body system changes resulting from the disease process, the economic impact of the chronic condition, and the requirement for professional references. The paper will be presented as a professional review of the case study, ensuring a professional tone and avoiding a conversational format.
Answer:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, commonly known as Type 1 diabetes, is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Insulin is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels, so the absence or insufficient production of insulin leads to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream. This condition requires individuals to rely on external sources of insulin to manage their blood sugar levels.
The signs and symptoms of Type 1 diabetes include excessive thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), unexplained weight loss, increased hunger (polyphagia), fatigue, and blurred vision. In severe cases, individuals may also experience dizziness, rapid breathing, and even diabetic ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening complication.
The exact cause of Type 1 diabetes remains unknown, but it is believed to have both genetic and environmental factors. Research suggests that individuals with a family history of Type 1 diabetes may be at higher risk. Additionally, certain viral infections and exposure to certain dietary factors early in life may also contribute to the development of the condition.
The disease process of Type 1 diabetes primarily affects the endocrine system, specifically the pancreas. With the destruction of insulin-producing cells, the body cannot effectively regulate blood sugar levels, leading to hyperglycemia. This, in turn, can impact multiple body systems, including the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and kidneys. Uncontrolled diabetes can result in complications such as heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, and kidney failure.
The economic impact of Type 1 diabetes is substantial. Individuals with this chronic condition require regular medical care, insulin, blood glucose monitoring supplies, and potentially other medications to manage their condition effectively. These costs can be significant, posing financial challenges for patients and their families. Moreover, long-term complications from uncontrolled diabetes can lead to higher healthcare costs.
In conclusion, Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It presents with symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. While the exact causes remain unclear, genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. The disease process primarily affects the endocrine system and can have far-reaching effects on various body systems. The economic impact of Type 1 diabetes is substantial, requiring ongoing medical care and costly supplies. By understanding the disease and its implications, healthcare professionals can better support patients like Hannah in managing their condition and improving their quality of life.
